Blockchain is a powerful foundation for an ecosystem of new technologies, but it does not exist in a vacuum. Blockchain protocols are leveraged within additional software infrastructure that performs functions such as providing a user interface to the blockchain protocol, digital asset use/retrieval, the creation of fiat exchange markets, providing financial investment instruments, and other activities which require off-chain data or system interactions. This means that blockchain and cryptocurrency project security typically involves a significant amount of traditional application security testing to discover vulnerabilities before they are exploited by malicious actors.